Crime In Pakistan Essay -- Criminal Justice, Pakistani

The world has advanced into a framework which has a refined arrangement of laws including our lives in this cutting edge society. This arrangement of laws is a noteworthy piece of our general public which holds it together and targets ensuring it against any mischief. Encroaching this very framework is named as a wrongdoing. Over the world, with such a significant number of various lawful frameworks of different nations, the laws additionally vary appropriately and the meaning of wrongdoing is seen through those arrangement of laws, from this time forward, various impression of wrongdoing are existing. Pakistani society, of which I am a piece of, sees wrongdoing to be something which drawbacks the social request, concordance and harmony. It is a setback that this wrongdoing is being done at an alarmingly rate since 10 years now. An all the more alarming reality is that the ones who are carrying out this wrongdoing are the ones who are running the administration which professes to sec ure the exceptionally set of laws they are damaging. Things being what they are, in what manner can such an overseeing body manage wrongdoings they themselves are submitting and keep others from doing it to keep up the social request? I firmly accept that ...

How to Write an Introduction For an Essay

How to Write an Introduction For an EssayThe purpose of an introductory paragraph is to set the stage and introduce the subject or topic of your essay. However, in most cases you'll also need to give some additional information in the form of a summary of your points. This can be quite a daunting task. Here are some tips to help you in writing an effective introduction.Introduction for essays in general is written on the same level as the body of the essay. There is no set rule as to when to use the introduction. You should decide what will be the best introduction to your essay based on the content of the essay. It may sound trivial, but do make sure that the introduction is not too long. Remember, the introduction to your essay will set the tone for the rest of the essay.Once you've decided on a title and introduction, it's important to keep the reader's attention with your writing style. One of the first things that you should do when you're writing an introduction is to get rid o f jargon and avoid sounding like you've only just finished college. Think of the audience that will be reading your essay and try to write in the third person.Write the introduction in a logical and organized way. Remember, this is the introduction to your essay so you want to keep it short and sweet. Don't start your introduction with why; instead, do something like this: 'The theme of my essay is to help myself become aware of what I am writing about.' When you finish writing the introduction, think about what you've written. Make sure that it is clear and that you're following the format of the essay.Once you have all of your information down, you'll want to create an outline. If you have created an outline, you'll want to follow this with a few paragraphs of your outline. Then you'll want to sit down and edit your outline until you have a good draft. You don't want to leave anything out, and you should always be looking to make your essay better.The reason why an outline is impo rtant is because it will be your guide when you begin writing. The outline will show you where to go from the point that you started. It also will give you a good idea of how your writing is going to flow once you get into your actual essay.Now that you know how to write an introductory paragraph for an essay, you may be wondering what is so hard about this part of the writing process. Well, that's a good question and one that you'll have to figure out for yourself. This is the main reason why many people don't succeed at this very important part of the essay writing process. As mentioned earlier, it's not as hard as it seems because you can actually learn it in your junior high school years.A great tip that you can use to help you learn how to write an introduction for an essay is to make it really simple. Write the introduction in the third person and always put yourself in the shoes of the reader.

Rhetorical Comparison Paper Tom Bethell and Jonathan Golob - 825 Words

Rhetorical Comparison Paper: Tom Bethell and Jonathan Golob (Coursework Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateRhetorical Comparison PaperThe arguments presented by Tom Bethell and Jonathan Golob are rhetorical in the strictest sense. Both authors employ rhetorical strategies to persuade the reader to believe the submissions they make about the climate change debate. Golob is a pro-climate change enthusiast while Bethell is an anti-climate change writer whose approach takes a conservative approach that seeks to dismiss the idea that the globe is on the verge of destruction as a result of the effects of global warming. This rhetorical analysis involves an examination of the argumentative strategies employed by both Bethell and Golob to convince the reader. The core focus is how both authors differ in exploiting the potency of pathos, ethos, and logos to appeal to the reader to accept or reject the climate change narrative respectively. The authors essentially use rhetorical appeals to make their arguments appealing with a deliberate sense o f fact-checking in manner that makes the climate change debate more entrenched than ever before.A comparison of Golobs and Bethells rhetorical strategies reveals that the former used a lot of pathos while the later appealed more to the logos of the argument to maintain the consistency of the argument. An appeal to pathos means that the author or the speaker on a particular subject invokes the beliefs and values of the target audience in order to make rhetorical sense. The main reason for invoking pathos as a rhetorical strategy is to seek empathy to using imaginable stories that elicit the logical appeals that can sway the audience to the speaker or the writers side of the argument. When a writer or a speaker uses pathos, the intention is to appeal to the feelings and imaginations so that each person in an audience so that they can figure out how the argument can potentially impacts the world around them. Logos, on the other hand, is a keen focus on the message with a deliberate app eal to reason whereby the author or writer makes an argument that has a lot internal consistency and clarity through the use of data and hard facts to support claims that support the argument.Turning to Golobs and Bethells argument, the former employs pathos as a rhetorical strategy as follows:In the first paragraph, Golob mentions Richard Feynman whom he refers to has my scientific hero (Golob). Feynman was among the first scientists to predict the potential effects of an arms race on nuclear weapons after making skeptical remarks about the devastating effects of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings towards the end the First World War. Feynman was a scientific hero of the mid and the late Twentieth Century and today. Invoking his name in the argument simply appeals to the values and beliefs associated the work and life and the Twentieth Century iconic scientists. Besides, the story of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is unimaginable yet equally horrific due to the effects of the atomic bombs. Golobs decision to compare the unimaginable effects of the atomic bombs with the potential effects of climate change is one of the most interesting uses of pathos in opinion writing or commentary. According to Feynman, the smashed remains he witnessed embodied the potential nuclear annihilation that the world was to contemplate. Humanity, in this sense, had no future to anticipate because human beings were out to annihilate each other. Another aspect of Pathos in Gobbs argument is the deliberate mention of Stalin. Stalin is a divisive and emotive Soviet figure in American politics because he ruled the Soviet Union at a time when the United States was embroiled in a Cold War that threatened to plunge the world in a possible World War Three that could have involved the use of nuclear weapons on both sides of the conflict. By mentioning Stalin, Golob intends to use American values and beliefs to add more gravity to the significance of the climate change argument to Americans. As much as the climate change argument is completely unrelated to Stalin or other Soviet politicians, but it has a cultural impact on ordinary readers with an emotional magnitude of the tensions characterizing the Cold War Era.Bethell uses logos to win over the anti-climate change supporters. One of the major ways writers and speakers use logos is their attempt to use facts from reliable sources regardless of whether the said facts are reliable or not. In this case, Bethell quotes an article by Newsweek, a reputable international magazine. The article talks ab...

Cruelty in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare Essay

Cruelty in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare Twelfth Night is also subtitled as What you Will which shows that this should be a happy, festive comedy, its title is from the twelve-day cycle of celebration enjoyed by medieval revellers each December. As this is a comedy it means that there are multiple marriages in the final scene and happy endings for most, except maybe one person who is seen as a fool throughout the play in this instance, Sir Andrew or Malvolio or some may even think, Orsino if they have seen the Trevor Nunn film of this play, in my opinion Feste will not be an object of humour throughout the play as in the Nunn film he is quite a serious character. There are not any deaths†¦show more content†¦Maria then asks why its good to be tall, which Toby responds to by exclaiming, Why, he has 3000 ducats a year. as though this is a perfect reason to compliment somebodys height - the fact that they earn a lot of money every year. Toby says this because he enjoys Andrews riches, and uses it as a source for his drinking. Maria says exactly what they both believe but Toby Belch obviously feels obliged to defend his friend, eventually though Sir Toby agrees with Maria and says that he is a foolish man, He is a coward and a coistrel that will not drink to my niece till his brains turn o th toeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. in this scene when Andrew has entered Maria and Toby make a fool of him. Maria pretends to leave but is persuaded to stay by Sir Andrews flirtatious flattery, which has been encouraged by Sir Toby. Toby and Maria make a fool of Andrew by leading him on to Maria, by letting Andrew appear so innocent as to not know the dirty meaning of what he is saying, this is also shown in Act II, scene v, when Sir Andrew does not understand what Malvolio is saying, ..her very Cs, her Us, and her Tsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Aguecheek asks what this means which amuses Fabian and SirShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Hamlet1721 Words   |  7 PagesKeana Cowden ENGL3563-100: Shakespeare Katherine Eggart 16 November 2015 Insert Title here An Elizabethan woman can be characterized as one that is submissive and subservient to men. William Shakespeare utilizes this type of woman when he wishes to show his audience the cruel nature of men. In both of his tragedies, Othello and Hamlet, Shakespeare presents cruelty in the form of male domination, where most of the time, the women are undeserving of ramifications such as death. When aRead MoreThe Twelfth Night: A Happy Ending? Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesdegree of expectation with the genre of comedy that despite whatever difficulties appear within the play, by the end these will be resolved and the play will have a traditional happy-ending with a marriage or a celebration in the final scene. The â€Å"Twelfth Night† is no exception to this rule. Despite problems of confused identities and sexualities, the play ends with marriage for the major characters because they â€Å"have learned enough about their own foolishness to accept it wisely, and their rewar d, asRead MoreRomeo And Twelfth Night By William Shakespeare Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Masculine Women in Macbeth and Twelfth Night William Shakespeare frequently created women who deviated from the social standards of his time, which was, throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. All throughout this era, women were understood to be silent and obedient and were believed to be unfit of doing more than taking care of the house and raising children. However, Shakespeare often rejected these aspects and invented feminine characters that challenged the norms ofRead MoreTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare First impressions of Twelfth Night can be deceiving as on a simplistic level it can be portrayed as a typical Shakespearean comedy. However, Twelfth Night is a mixture of both romantic comedy and tragedy. The romantic comedy elements can be found throughout the play as its structure is based on a typical Elizabethan style, it has escapism with magical settings and happy endings, as is Midsummers Night Dream. Also Twelfth nightRead MoreThe Purpose of the Sub-plot in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night2025 Words   |  9 PagesTwelfth Night or What You Will is one of Shakespeare’s most famous comedies. It has been performed hundreds of times and adapted into a number of modern films. The main plot of the play follows Viola, a girl who is rescued from a shipwreck and enters into the service of the Duke Orsino disguised as a man. Rising quickly in his estimation, Viola begins delivering messages of love on his behalf to Olivia, a noble woman who has no interest in Orsino’s advances. Over the course of the play Olivia fallsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All1554 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the Bard of Avon.Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that ledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All1568 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the Bard of Avon.Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that ledRead MoreEssay on A Feminist Perspective of William Shakespeare1506 Words   |  7 PagesA Feminist Perspective of Shakespeare   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although William Shakespeare reflects and at times supports the English Renaissance stereotypes of women and men and their various roles and responsibilities in society, he is also a writer who questions, challenges, and modifies those representations. His stories afford opportunities not only to understand Renaissance culture better but also to confront our own contemporary generalizations about gender, especially what it means to be female. In hisRead More A Comparison of Romantic Love in Shakespeares Sonnets As You Like It2069 Words   |  9 Pageselaborate system of love called the Petrarchan tradition.   An Italian poet, Francesco Petrarch, wrote a cycle of sonnets to his beloved Laura, which became internationally popular.   In his poetry, Petrarch professes his undying love, and laments her cruelty for not returning his passionate devotion.   He also describes the inspiration for his love - a single glance from her eyes.   In the course of his sonnet s, Petrarch and Laura never meet or speak.   She may not even know he exists.   Midway through theRead MoreThe Complicated Politics Of Gender Identity Essay3466 Words   |  14 Pagestake control of his nerves. When Macbeth receives the titles of the Thane of Cawdor and Thane of Glamis, as promised by the witches, he himself says that these titles are ‘happy prologue’ to a play that is going to deal with ‘imperial themes’ (Shakespeare 20). However, in spite of all his excitement about his future prospect, Macbeth is never able to recognise his ability to ultimately go and achieve what is being promised to him. He does not show the true Machiavellian instincts as revealed by Junior

Human Trafficking Is An Illegal Movement Of People

INTRODUCTION: Human Trafficking is an illegal movement of people for the purpose of forced labour or sexual exploitation. Millions of people from around the globe have been captured and caught to undergo activities against their will mainly for the act of slavery or pleasure and prostitution.Human Trafficking is a criminal industry stripping people of life and freedom. To this day, human trafficking is happening around the globe and numbers of victims are increasing up until this generation. Nevertheless, multiple proposals and recommendations have been shared to prevent further hostage from occurring by spreading awareness, supporting organisations, gathering donations and educating children and adults about their surroundings. Human trafficking is a crime that needs handling and everyone can take part to help and support this cause. OBSERVATIONS: According to the Global Slavery Index (GSI), 36 million victims of human trafficking have been reported worldwide in 2014. Within 36 million victims, two thirds originate in Asia (reference). Asia has the highest rates of human trafficking in their continent. This issue has been increasing through the years, and major investigations have occurred and still needs to occur to prevent further exploitation from happening. In Based on human trafficking statistics, India, China, Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Thailand are amongst the top 10 countries containing high numbers of trafficking victims in the world. With eachShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is The Illegal Movement Of People1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic I would like to discuss in my term report is the topic of Human Trafficking. By definition; human trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. The main reason I chose this topic is because of a story I read recently about a woman named Nadia Murad, who was taken from her home in Iraq and sold to men as a sex slave. This topic is interesting because it is unfathomable to me not only that there is still a marketRead MoreHuman Trafficking : An Illegal Movement Of People1396 Words   |  6 Pagescollapsed inside and there is no fix. Human trafficking is one out of many of those issues, but with the help of those who feel lost and weak because of it, we can try to scare off any further occurrences by taking action and battling the figurative evil in this world. Human trafficking is defined as an illegal movement of people for purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploration. It began in the early 1400s with slave trading between countries. People were tagged or branded with a numberRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The Illegal Movement Of People992 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com, the proper definition on human trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purpose of forced labor or commercial sex exploitation. 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This type of criminalizationRead MoreModern Day Slavery Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesMason Moran Mrs. Davis Government Period 9 February 14, 2013 Research Project: Human Trafficking â€Å"Modern Day Slavery† â€Å"SLAVERY was abolished 150 years ago, right? While it is true that slavery is illegal almost everywhere on earth, the fact is there are more slaves today than there ever were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite the grim reality described in this quote, I believe Robert Alan successfully undermines a common misconception held by Americans, both young and old. Although we are brought up thinking that

Chronic Heart Failure

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Heart Failure. Answer: According to this paper, chronic heart failure is one of the prevailing severe health conditions among elderly people. Similar condition is happening to Charlie who is a 75 years old man who is obese and is suffering from ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension leading him to chronic heart failure (Molloy, O'Carroll, McMurdo, 2012). Such prevalence can be due to poor prognosis facility by the healthcare professionals. Besides this, nonadherence to the provided pharmacological interventions is also a significant barrier to the regulation of effective treatment. As per the article, only 10% of the patients suffering from chronic heart failure undertake prescribed medication in USA. Furthermore, this article undertakes analysis on the studies that determines efficacy of the medication that allows adherence in the people suffering from chronic heart failure. Additionally, keeping this as pivot, a randomized controlled trial has been conducted among the 144 adults age between 55 to 85 years and are suffering from severe heart condition. Furthermore, a concoction of both quantitative and qualitative analysis has been conducted by analysing the statistics of the sample size taken and additionally analysing the existing literature available. Moreover, the analysis has been conducted to determine the awareness level in the patients, behavioural approaches, patient care and adherence to drugs. The main resultant of the analysis was lesser adherence of the sample to the medication and needs extensive awareness and guidance towards the importance of regulation of effective treatment. Conclusively, adherence to optimal and disease-oriented medication is essential and can be achieved optimally among the patients by formulation and implementing effective strategies and imparting effective awareness regarding the importance of medication. Moreover, the meta-analysis was not possible for the conduction of the study. Additionally, heterogeneity among the interventions did not help the researchers to come upon a concrete conclusion (Krousel-Wood, et al., 2015). This study has greater implications as it targets the patient-oriented strengths and weakness that bounds with the optimal regulation of the treatment. Charlie is a 75 year old man who is suffering from severe heart condition and there is a probability that he is not undertaking his prescribed medication on time due to certain signs and symptoms such as tachycardia, oedema, breathlessness and others. Furthermore, the quality of research is good as it determines the necessity of specific medication that causes effects on the patient, adherence to behavioural phenomenon that essentially requires selfcare and formulation of extrinsic strategies that enhances the extent of adherence. According to a recent study, patients must be informed of their condition and optimal medication for better regulation of the treatment. Adherence to medication is essential component of effective clinical practice. This provides good health, monetary stability, effective care and quality of life (Hamine, Ge rth-Guyette, Faulx, Green, Ginsburg, 2015). Additionally, another study determines that effective adherence to medication enhances self-efficacy which further maintains the equilibrium between somatic and physical trauma. Furthermore, this is conducted by providing optimal support in terms of social, cultural, psychosocial experiences, preventing the patient from depression (Maeda, Shen, Schwarz, Farrell, Mallon, 2013). McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S., Auricchio, A., Bohm, M., Dickstein, K., Zeiher, A. (2012). ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. European Heart Journal,, 1787-1847. This journal mainly provides a detailed analysis on the diagnosis and effective remedial treatment of the chronic heart failure. This paper covers each and every aspect of the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment required for the patient-oriented interventions (McMurray, et al., 2012). This paper attempts to provide an evidence-based analysis on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), importance of transcatheter valve interventions, effects of ivabradine, importance of ventricular assist devices, analysis on cardiac resynchronization therapy and effect of coronary revascularization in heart failure. Besides this, detailed analysis has been conducted on various terminologies related with the heart and its degrading condition. Furthermore, this paper determines detailed analysis on various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions with the help of various quantitative analysis conducted among different sample sizes. The main objective of this study is to provide good quality of life and balanced lifestyle in accordance with this incurable disease. This literature review is a concoction of various sample size has been chosen over the period of time to analyse the effects remedial treatment provided with the help of angiotensin, angiotensin receptor blockers, mineralocorticosteroids, hydralazine and isosorbide, ivabradine, digoxin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, diuretics and many others. Additionally, analysis has been conducted on the provision of non-surgical methods such as various cardiac implantable devices such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy, pace makers and many others. Furthermore, the main findings of the analysis undertake efficient and prolonged usage of these interventions on the basis of the requirement by the patient. Conclusively, this paper provides a detailed analysis on the diagnosis and treatment of the severe heart condition. The remedial treatment must be a patient-oriented concoction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The probable limitation of the paper is vast study collection of the data without any one concrete conclusion. Additionally, no optimal analysis on the specific sample size for each study (McMurray, et al., 2014). The strength of the paper is vast collection of the data that cover every possible aspect of the analysis required for the detailed study on the prevailing severe heart conditions that assist healthcare professionals to formulate effective interventions for the patient. Furthermore, the quality of the research is up to the mark and the paper has been critically analysed. The resultant of this paper must be practiced efficiently in the clinical practicing by the healthcare professionals. An analysis conducted by Troughton et al., 2014, determines that the concoction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is the best possible methodology of providing effecting treatment to the patient (Troughton, et al., 2014). Furthermore, an analysis conducted by Ambrosy et al., 2014, determines that effective imparting of the treatment to the patient suffering from heart condition has led to decrease in the extent of hospitalization in various hospitals among different countries. T he probable recommendations will require optimal imparting of the patient-oriented treatment by the skilled and experiences cardiac nurses in order to conduct effective clinical practicing. Furthermore, optimal reporting and documentation must be incorporated in the routine treatment by undertaking effective formulation and regulation of change of shift report among different healthcare professionals working together (Ambrosy, et al., 2014). Strmberg, A., Mrtensson, J., Fridlund, B., Levin, L.-A., Karlsson, J.-E., Dahlstrm, U. (2003). Nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: Results from a prospective, randomised trial. . European Heart Journal,, 1014-1023. This journal determines the probable implications of follow up on selfcare, morbidity, mortality and other factors in a clinic run by nurses among the heart patients. As per the article a large percentage of the people are suffering from chronic heart failure and the survival rate of the patients suffering from such chronic heart conditions is very less (Strmberg, et al., 2003). Moreover, high morbidity is one of the prevailing reasons of severe heart conditions among the patients. High morbidity has led to high mortality rate due to suffering from severe heart chronic conditions. In addition to this, inefficiency also prevails among the nurses while conducting the effective follow up. Such inefficiency leads to inadequate and incompatible compliance with the required interventions in terms of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, imparting of the awareness in the patient and regular follow up leads to decrement in the hospitalization of the patient, increas es awareness among patient leading to enhanced quality in the life of the patients suffering from critical conditions (Feltner, et al., 2014). In order to conduct the analysis on the effectiveness of the follow up by the nurses, a 12 months randomised trial has been conducted in different hospitals of New York. A total of 161 patients were undertaken for the conduction of the program. These patients were primarily suffering from heart disease and other associated illness or maladies such as pulmonary congestion, dementia or others. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis has been undertaken with the help of questionnaire to determine the extent of awareness and selfcare among the patients. Additionally, the data has been collected regularly at the baseline of 3 months and 12 months. The collected data was statistically analysed with the help of t-test and Whitney U test. The resultant at the end of the analysis determined that lesser hospitalization of the patient and decrement in the morbidity occurred after the 12 months of the interventions. Additionally, effective follow up led to lesser hospitalization of the patients after 3 months only and enhancement in the selfcare has also been recorded. Conclusively, effective follow ups by the nurses increases the awareness level leading to increment in the selfcare, lesser morbidity and mortality rate. In addition to this, certain limitations also prevail also prevails in this study. Smaller sample size and predetermined setting of the location, time period, geographical are and others for the assessment has affected the resultant even after the adoption of the randomization. Besides thee limitations, the strength of this study was the selection of sample size from different locations. This brought heterogeneity in the resultant. Furthermore, the quality of research is up to the mark and has covered each and every aspect of required for the detailed analysis on the extent of follow up by the nurses (Stewart, et al., 2015). Moreover, the resultant of this paper must be implemented effectively in the regular clinical practice in order to increase the extent of remedial treatment. Furthermore, a group of multidisciplinary or multiagency team working together to provide a patient-oriented follow up will lead to much enhanced results (Glogowska, et al., 2015). Bibliography Ambrosy, A. P., Fonarow, G. C., Butler, J., Chioncel, O., Greene, S. J., Vaduganathan, M., Gheorghiade, M. (2014). The global health and economic burden of hospitalizations for heart failure: lessons learned from hospitalized heart failure registries. . Journal of the American College of Cardiology,, 1123-1133. Feltner, C., Jones, C. D., Cen, C. W., Zheng, Z. J., Sueta, C. A., Coker-Schwimmer, E. J., Jonas, D. E. (2014). Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . Annals of internal medicine, , 774-784. Glogowska, M., Simmonds, R., McLachlan, S., Cramer, H., Sanders, T., Johnson, R., Purdy, S. (2015). Managing patients with heart failure: a qualitative study of multidisciplinary teams with specialist heart failure nurses. . The Annals of Family Medicine,, 466-471. Hamine, S., Gerth-Guyette, E., Faulx, D., Green, B. B., Ginsburg, A. S. (2015). Impact of mHealth chronic disease management on treatment adherence and patient outcomes: a systematic review. . Journal of medical Internet research,. Krousel-Wood, M., Elizabeth, H. O., Joyce, C., Rachael, R. U., Dornelles, A., Webber, L. S., Whelton, P. K. (2015). Differences in cardiovascular disease risk when antihypertensive medication adherence is assessed by pharmacy fill versus self-report: the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence among Older Adults (CoSMO). Journal of hypertension,, 412. Maeda, U., Shen, B. J., Schwarz, E. R., Farrell, K. A., Mallon, S. (2013). Self-efficacy mediates the associations of social support and depression with treatment adherence in heart failure patients. International journal of behavioral medicine, , 88-96. McMurray, J. J., Packer, M., Desai, A. S., Gong, J., Lefkowitz, M. P., Rizkala, A. R., Zile, M. R. (2014). Angiotensinneprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine,, 993-1004. Stewart, S., Chan, Y. K., Wong, C., Jennings, G., Scuffham, P., Esterman, A., Carrington, M. (2015). Impact of a nurse?led home and clinic?based secondary prevention programme to prevent progressive cardiac dysfunction in high?risk individuals: the Nurse?led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (NIL?CHF) randomized controlled study. European journal of heart failure, , 620-630. Troughton, R. W., Frampton, C. M., Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., Pfisterer, M., Eurlings, L. W., Erntell, H., Dahlstrm, U. (2014). Effect of B-type natriuretic peptide-guided treatment of chronic heart failure on total mortality and hospitalization: an individual patient meta-analysis. European heart journal,, 1559-1567.

Urban Economics Essay Example

Urban Economics Essay Consider a region with a workforce of 12 million. The urban utility curve reaches its maximum with 3 million workers and includes the following combinations: Workers (millions)1234689101112 Utility (pounds)32567065554540353025 Initially, there is a single city with 12 million workers. Suppose the government establishes a new city with 1 million workers, leaving 11 million workers in the old city. a)Assume that the number of cities remains at 2. What happens next? What is the new equilibrium city size? First, taking into account the information given in the table, it is necessary to construct the utility curve for each of the values given: (Graphic) It can be seen that in the initial situation (12 million workers in one city), the utility per worker is 25 ?. If the number of cities remains at 2 (A B), leaving in one of them 11 million workers and 1 million workers in the other one, it can be appreciated in the graphic that the utility per worker in the first city will be 30 ? er worker and 32 ? per worker in the second. The utility curve reaches its maximum with 3 million workers in a city (point M), at this point; the utility per worker maximizes welfare according to city size. Because in this case there is no equilibrium, people will want to move from there in order to get a better welfare level. There are 2 possibilities, to move to city A or to move to city B, as it is shown in the graphic. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Economics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Economics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Economics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If workers decide to move to city B, city A would disappear and people would like to come back to the city A to have the anterior level of welfare, because the utility per worker in a city of 1 million workers (32 pounds per worker) is higher than the utility in a city of 12 million workers (25 ? per worker). On the other hand, if workers decide to move from city B to city A, they would not want to come back to the anterior level of welfare because in this case, the utility per worker in a city of 10 million people (35? er worker) is higher than the utility in a city of 11 million people (30? per worker). Moreover, city A will have 2 million workers and will reach a higher level of welfare than before (56 instead of 32? per worker), so workers will not want to come back to the previous level of welfare, as it can be observed in the graphic. As it can be seen in the graphic, after this reallocation of workers, we have a 2 million workers city (A) and 10 million workers city (B). (Grap hic) Workers in city B would want to have a higher level of welfare than their actual level. For this reason they would prefer to move to city A, in order to make it real. If doing so, city B would have 9 million workers and its level of utility would be higher than before (40 instead of 35 ? per worker) and city A would get 3 million workers, reaching the maximum point at the utility curve (70 ? instead of 56 ? per worker) as it can be seen in the graphic: (graphic) At this point, during this reallocation, city A has reached the maximum utility per worker (from 32 to 70? per worker) and workers in city B have a better level of welfare than before (from 30 to 40? er worker). It is considered as the new equilibrium city size, because workers from city A wouldn’t want to change and workers from city B despite they could have a better level of output, are facing a stable situation because the utility curve is negatively sloped. If workers from city B continue moving to city A in order to get a higher level of welfare, they will get it, but workers that actually live in c ity A will see how their level of welfare will decrease because they will not be anymore at the maximum point of the utility curve. The final equilibrium in this situation would be a region with 2 cities of 6 million workers each one, where the utility level would be 55? per worker, as we can see in the graphic. (graphic) b)Suppose that the government establishes 3 new cities, each with 1 million workers (leaving 9 million in the old city). What happens next? Will the region reach the optimum configuration of 4 cities, each with 3 million workers? c)Suppose your objective is to reach the optimum configuration and you establish 3 new cities. What is the minimum number of workers to be placed initially in each of the new cities?

Latino Image essays

Latino Image essays Latinos have been in American movies ever sense the beginning; from the early 1900s to the present they have influenced the film industry significantly. Latinos, especially Mexicans, have been stereotyped as the dark, dumb, violent, the bad guy in many films but this is not true of Mexicans, they were just portrayed in that way to lure movie watchers to see the movie. It all started with the Mexicans being portrayed as being the Hollywoods First Bad Boys. They where seen as the dirty grassers that were immoral, low life and did not care about anything, the girls also were seen the same. Having enough of this Latin American in 1922 boycotted any U.S. film that showed Latinos in this way. Seeing the great economic impact of this President Woodrow Wilson said, Please be a little kinder to the Mexicans. The starting of the Latin Lover craze started with Antonio Moreno. He created the idea of the Hispanic man being sensuous and romantic, but has evolved over the years. Dolores Del Rio reshaped Laminas, before seen as loose, and now as refined woman that reached great popularity, like Margarita Cansino (Rita Hayworth). Now that the talking movies start coming out during this time Latino American men with accents where soon starting to become a problem for them, while as women with accents were considered to be a good thing. To satisfy the Latin-American community and markets the producers began filming Spanish versions of movies after hours. One of the movies was Dracula that stared Lupita Tovar. She says that during filming of the Spanish version they shot far less takes and took less time than the American version; some even say that the Spanish Dracula was for more superior than the English one. During the Great Depression, in the 1930s, let to the deportation of many Mexicans out of the U.S., this included many Mexican actors and actresse...

Manifestations of Personal Freedom in Protagonists with Differing Essay

Manifestations of Personal Freedom in Protagonists with Differing Backgrounds - Essay Example On the one hand Jake’s frame of mind and his priorities do not change at all while Nea’s relationship with Sourdi changes but does not end altogether. Jake is portrayed as a typical suburban white teenage boy in the story â€Å"Love in L.A.† and his projection on life and its problems does not change from start to end. In the start Jake â€Å"needed an FM radio in something better than this ’58 Buick he drove† as well as a â€Å"crushed velvet interior with electric controls for the L.A. summer.† After his encounter with Mariana, Jake relapses into his previous train of thought as â€Å"he couldn’t stop the thought about that FM stereo radio and crushed velvet interior and the new car smell that would even make it better.† In contrast Nea can be seen developing new perspectives on the relationship between her sister and herself without changing the basic framework of the relationship. The knife attack on the customer in the rest aurant reflects that Nea was ready to go to any length to protect her sister. Moreover the author reflects on their closeness by commenting that both sisters planned to run away with Sourdi being her legal guardian. However as the story develops, Nea realises that her relationship with Sourdi is coming to â€Å"a fork† and not to â€Å"crossroads† which signifies that their closeness is evaporating. Although this dimension of the relationship modifies but Nea’s protectiveness of her sister does not change at all. In fact Nea goes to great trouble to visit Sourdi’s house â€Å"a good six hours drive† through rain and snow to see if she has been beaten by her husband. Another noticeable difference between Jake and Nea are their reactions to social stimuli. As noted before Jake encounters Mariana and then persists in his frame of mind without modifying his attitude or perspective on life. On the other hand Nea eventually comes to the realisation that she can do little to change the existing circumstances. May Lee Chai signals this behaviour at the end of her chapter â€Å"Saving Sourdi† by commenting that Nea wished she â€Å"was a Naga† who â€Å"would have swallowed the whole world in one gulp† but she realises that she has â€Å"no magic powers†. The contrast between both characters reveals that Jake is hardly prepared to modify his life while Nea is on the track to adulthood and has begun to change her ideas as she encounters new experiences. It can also be reasoned that the actions and reactions of Jake and Nea are a product of their individual backgrounds. Jake has been portrayed as a person with little ambition in life except for changing his car, a â€Å"’58 Buick†. Moreover he is seen turning a car accident into an opportunity to flirt with a Cuban woman which is an indication of his priorities in life. Jake is also portrayed as a young person with little experience in life as h e directly asks Mariana for her phone number right after the accident. His use of informal language with Mariana such as his musing that Mariana should give her number so that he wouldn’t â€Å"have to lay his regular b.s.† on her to get it later shows that his social interaction is largely limited to people his age only. Furthermore Jake does not seem to have either a stable career or a sense of direction for the future. He tells Mariana that he is a singer and then tells her that he acts and has a few movie appearances as a means of

Public Relations and Relationship Marketing Essay

Public Relations and Relationship Marketing - Essay Example For the purpose of this paper the following definitions found in the Dictionary of Marketing Terms (___) will be used: Public Relations: "That form of communication management that seeks to make use of publicity and other non paid forms of promotion and information to influence the feelings, opinions or beliefs about the company, its products or services or about the value of the product or service or the activities of the organization to the buyers, prospects or other stakeholders." Relationship Marketing (RM): "Marketing with the conscious aim to develop and manage long-term and/or trusting relationships with customers, distributors, suppliers or other parties in the marketing environment." In this examination of the effectiveness of PR and RM in successful event promotion the term "Event Management" will be used to describe the work of professionals involved in promoting events. Event Management will be seen in the context of the following definition and diagram created by Julia Silvers (2003): "Event management is an intricate weaving of the process and the scope of management functions. As illustrated below, the functional units (grouped by domain) form the warp fibers-the foundation threads of the fabric of an event. The processes-or weft threads-are interwoven through these foundations for each event, with the evaluation thread from one event forming the research thread for the next event. If you eliminate one of the threads, the fabric of the event is weakened, leaving holes or places where it may unravel." Methodology: Extensive research of the literature as well as a number of Internet Sources have resulted in a decision to examine the professional services of one specific company that specializes in all aspects of event planning. The company philosophy and reports on five events they have successfully coordinated will be examined in relation to how PR and RM have been utilized effectively in each situation. The company selected for this purpose is Fundraising Partners Northwest. Event Promotion and Use of PR/RM - In the description of their services on the company website members of Fundraising Partners Northwest state that "the three critical components for success in any fundraising effort are relationships, an effective case for support and teamwork." The company has an excellent track record with regard to promoting and successfully overseeing events. One of the ways the company utilizes relationship techniques that seems to create a platform for success is to meet with clients to discuss their own unique needs and develop strategies for ongoing "support and teamwork." This use of RM in the initial stages of any work the group does has proven to be effective in the company's management of events and other services. By helping to "clearly articulate" each organization's unique needs Fundraising Partners Northwest is able to prepare strategies for meeting goals by "combining tested practices with original ideas." The attached report on the Symphony of Seafood event that was initiated in 1999 by the company is a good illustration of 'well orchestrated' combined use of Public Relations and Relationship Marketing. In 1999, the Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, sponsoring organization of the Alaska Symphony of Seafoo

Reducing College Tuition Essay Example for Free

Reducing College Tuition Essay Abstact There is a need to reduce the cost of college tuition in America. The rising costs threaten the ability and desire of students to attend college, but there are ways for both parents and students to make going to college more affordable. The Need to Reduce College Tuition With the cost of education on the rise, students are asking that time aged question, will they be able to attend college? The answer is yes, and without taking on the burden of overpriced tuition fees and loans. Attending community college has become a trend across the country and offer continuing education with little to no direct cost to students. Dual enrollment options, where a student can take a class that counts towards both high school and college credits are becoming increasingly popular with a large proportion of these students enrolling through two-year colleges and universities. Economic downturns are also believed to attract many students to community colleges, acting as a more affordable route to higher education at a time when money is tight and jobs are scarce. In 2007, 6.3 million students enrolled in community colleges in the United States, representing 34 percent of all undergraduates, and 46 percent of all undergraduates at public institutions. (25 Ways to Reduce the Cost of College Tuition, 2006) Community college enrollments have grown considerably over the last half-century, reflecting a general increase in demand for postsecondary degrees seen in this period. However, little attention is given to the fact that community colleges have quietly gained not only in enrollments, but in public institution market share as well (25 Ways to Reduce the Cost of College Tuition, 2006). Colleges and universities are not in a position to give you a discount on the cost of tuition. What they can do, however, is offer you gift aid in the form of scholarships, grants and work-study programs to reduce your out-of-pocket cost of attendance. Even if you’ve been awarded some gift aid from the school in your financial aid award letter, there may be additional aid available that the school can use to attract desirable candidates (Negotiating Your College Tuition, 2012). Once you’ve been accepted to a colleges or university, look at their published tuition rates and your financial situation. While public colleges will generally have a lower tuition, keep in mind that private, non-profit colleges are more dependent on tuition money, so they may be especially willing to make a deal with you – receiving less tuition money from a student is better than receiving no money at all, and you should always ask about other monies that may be available through programs and scholarships. If you do not ask, the school will not divulge this information willingly (Negotiating Your College Tuition, 2012). President Obama offered a plan Friday to reduce the costs of higher education by increasing the amount of federal grant money available for low-interest loans and tying it directly to colleges’ ability to reduce tuition (WP Politics, 2012). In an impassioned speech before 4,000 students at the University of Michigan, Obama delivered an election-year pitch to the type of youthful audience that buoyed his 2008 campaign, saying his administration was putting colleges â€Å"on notice† that they must rein in soaring prices. (WP Politics, 2012). â€Å"You can’t assume you’ll just jack up tuition every single year,† Obama said to cheers at Glick Field House (Obama, 2012), the school’s indoor football facility. â€Å"If you can’t stop tuition going up, your funding from taxpayers will go down. We should push colleges to do better; we should hold them accountable if they don’t† (Obama, 2012). With all the talk during the run for president, it will be great to see if all the plans for college tuition being lowered are true. We have thousands of students graduating from colleges across the country, and if they cannot find jobs that will pay them enough to pay back student loans, they will find themselves drowning in debt, and this will not be good for the student or the economy. These people will not be able to establish credit, buy a home or even purchase a vehicle. They will fall further in debt as the interest rate on the loan accumulates. This is why tuition fees need to be reduced, so even if a student does not come straight out of school with a high paying job, they will be able to make affordable payments on their loans without being overwhelmed. Tuition fees are scary. References 25 Ways to Reduce the Cost of College Tuition. (2006, September). Retrieved from Center for College affordability: http://centerforcollegeaffordability.org/uploads/25Ways_to_Reduce_the_Cost_of_College.pdf Negotiating Your College Tuition. (2012). Retrieved from Campus Explorer: http://www.campusexplorer.com/college-advice-tips/422D4AF3/Negotiating-Your-College-Tuition/ WP Politics. (2012, November 02). Retrieved from The Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-outlines-incentive-plan-to-reduce-college-tuition-costs/2012/01/27/gIQAc92fVQ_story.html

Managements Achievement Claims Perspective :: essays research papers

Management's Achievement Claims Perspective It is to no one's surprise that Coca-Cola is one of the world's largest companies. Fourteen years ago, Coca-Cola began building credibility to its investors by never over-promising, just consistently hitting long-term growth targets. In Great Britain, Coca-Cola surpassed two leading teas of consumption per capita. People said it would not be possible, but Coke did it. That is just one example. Coca-Cola's management believes in the theory that people need 64 ounces of liquid everyday to survive. Right now, Coke only accounts for an average of less than two of those ounces. They believe that by adding strength to the world's strongest brand, it will help people make Coke a more frequent choice for those 64 ounces. The part of this Annual Report that I personally wanted to attack was the lack of sales in Canada and Coca-Cola's goals in improving them. Being native of Canada and a big Coke fan, I know that Coke has struggled in my homeland for several years. M. Douglas Ivester answered my concern by stating that Coke allowed the retail prices of their products to out pace their value in the eyes of our consumers. Since 1994-1995, Canada's unit per case volume increased 4%. Coke is expecting an even greater increase in 1996 because their Canadian bottler signed with two major grocery retailers. Coca-Cola used Canada as a lesson they can use as a guide worldwide never repeat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CEO, Robert Goizueta believes that there is no limit to your growth. He will not allow boundaries to be set. It is evident to me that Coke is not setting boundaries considering that they have a bottler in almost every corner of the world. Coke is focused on strengthening world wide markets and creating new ones. In this report, they state how the will improve sales in Nigeria, China, South Africa, and Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of all the Financial Reports I have read (Anderson Consulting, Home Depot, Green Park, etc.), Coca-Cola is a company in which I believe what the management claims. Coke has a great responsibility of making investors, employees, and consumers happy all over the world. Why would they blow it Coke realigned their management team at the beginning 1996 to more accurately reflect the global nature of their business. That says growth all over it. Comparison to Industry Standards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coca-Cola  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industry Standard 1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quick Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This states that Coke through these calculations is not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  as liquid as the industry standard. 2.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.4% 3.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Profit Margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9% 4.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Return on Equity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  55%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.5%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is very good percentage, above industry standard. 5.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asset Turnover  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.6% 6.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Return on Assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.5% 7.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Debt to Equity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  75.3%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  66.5%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A little high compared to industry, but still has not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  peaked at 100%.

Amul Essay 9

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. history 2. the three-tier amul model 2. Objectives of Study 3. research Methodology 4. Review of Literature 5. Market Analysis 6. Limitations 7. Conclusion 8. Scope Of Improvement 9. Bibliography 1. INTRODUCTION Amul (AMUL means â€Å"priceless† in Sanskrit. The brand name â€Å"Amul,† from the Sanskrit â€Å"Amoolya,† was suggested by a quality control expert in Anand. ), formed in 1946, is a  dairy cooperative  in  India. It is a  brand name managed by an apex cooperative organisation, Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by some 2. million milk producers in  Gujarat, India. AMUL is based in  Anand,  Gujarat and has been an example of a co-operative organization's success in the long term. It is one of the best examples of co-operative achievement in the developing economy. â€Å"Anyone who has seen, the dairy cooperatives in the state of Gujarat, especially the high ly successful one known as AMUL, will naturally wonder what combination of influences and incentives is needed to multiply such a model a thousand times over in developing regions everywhere. †Ã‚  The  Amul Pattern  has established itself as a uniquely appropriate model for rural development. Amul has spurred the  White Revolution of India, which has made India the largest producer of milk and milk products in the world. It is also the world's biggest vegetarian cheese brand  . Amul is the largest food brand in India and world's Largest Pouched Milk Brand with an annual turnover of US $1050 million (2006-07). Currently Unions making up GCMMF have 2. 8 million producer members with milk collection average of 10. 16 million litres per day. Besides India, Amul has entered overseas markets such as Mauritius,  UAE,  USA,  Bangladesh,  Australia,  China,  Singapore,  Hong Kong  and a few South  African  countries. Its bid to enter  Japanese  market in 1994 did not succeeded, but now it has fresh plans entering the Japanese markets. Other potential markets being considered include  Sri Lanka. Dr Varghese Kurien, former chairman of the GCMMF, is recognised as a key person behind the success of Amul. On 10 Aug 2006  Parthi Bhatol, chairman of the Banaskantha Union, was elected chairman of GCMMF. 1. 1HISTORY The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd, Anand (GCMMF) is the largest food products marketing organisation of India. It is the apex organization of the Dairy Cooperatives of Gujarat. This State has been a pioneer in organizing dairy cooperatives and our success has not only been emulated in India but serves as a model for rest of the World. Over the last five and a half decades, Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat have created an economic network that links more than 2. 8 million village milk producers with millions of consumers in India and abroad through a cooperative system that includes 13,141 Village Dairy Cooperative Societies (VDCS) at the village level, affiliated to 13 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions at the District level and GCMMF at the State level. These cooperatives collect on an average 7. 5 million litres of milk per day from their producer members, more than 70% of whom are small, marginal farmers and landless labourers and include a sizeable population of tribal folk and people belonging to the scheduled castes. The turnover of GCMMF (AMUL) during 2008-09 was Rs. 67. 11 billion. It markets the products, produced by the district milk unions in 30 dairy plants, under the renowned AMUL brand name. The combined processing capacity of these plants is 11. 6 million litres per day, with four dairy plants having processing capacity in excess of 1 million Litres per day. The farmers of Gujarat own the largest state of the art dairy plant in Asia – Mother Dairy, Gandhinagar, and Gujarat – which can handle 2. 5 million litres of milk per day and process 100 MTs of milk powder daily. During the last year, 3. 1 billion litres of milk was collected by Member Unions of GCMMF. Huge capacities for milk drying, product manufacture and cattle feed manufacture have been installed. All its products are manufactured under the most hygienic conditions. All dairy plants of the unions are ISO 9001-2000, ISO 22000 and HACCP certified. GCMMF (AMUL)’s Total Quality Management ensures the quality of products right from the starting point (milk producer) through the value chain until it reaches the consumer. Ever since the movement was launched fifty-five years ago, Gujarat’s Dairy Cooperatives have brought about a significant social and economic change to our rural people. The Dairy Cooperatives have helped in ending the exploitation of farmers and demonstrated that when our rural producers benefit, the community and nation benefits as well. The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. cannot be viewed simply as a business enterprise. It is an institution created by the milk producers themselves to primarily safeguard their interest economically, socially as well as democratically. Business houses create profit in order to distribute it to the shareholders. In the case of GCMMF the surplus is ploughed back to farmers through the District Unions as well as the village societies. This circulation of capital with value addition within the structure not only benefits the final beneficiary – the farmer – but eventually contributes to the development of the village community. This is the most significant contribution the Amul Model cooperatives have made in building the Nation. . 2the three-tier Amul model The Amul Model is a three-tier cooperative structure. This structure consists of a Dairy Cooperative Society at the village level affiliated to a Milk Union at the District level which in turn is further federated into a Milk Federation at the State level. The above three-tier structure was set-up in ord er to delegate the various functions; milk collection is done at the Village Dairy Society, Milk Procurement & Processing at the District Milk Union and Milk & Milk Products Marketing at the State Milk Federation. This helps in eliminating not only internal competition but also ensuring that economies of scale are achieved. As the above structure was first evolved at Amul in Gujarat and thereafter replicated all over the country under the Operation Flood Programme, it is known as the ‘Amul Model’ or ‘Anand Pattern’ of Dairy Cooperatives. Responsible for Marketing of Milk & Milk Products Responsible for Procurement & Processing of Milk Responsible for Collection of Milk Responsible for Milk Production. Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS) The milk producers of a village, having surplus milk after own consumption, come together and form a Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS). The Village Dairy Cooperative is the primary society under the three-tier structure. It has membership of milk producers of the village and is governed by an elected Management Committee consisting of 9 to 12 elected representatives of the milk producers based on the principle of one member, one vote. The village society further appoints a Secretary (a paid employee and member secretary of the Management Committee) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Secretary in accomplishing his / her daily duties. The main functions of the VDCS are as follows: ? Collection of surplus milk from the milk producers of the village & payment based on quality & quantity ? Providing support services to the members like Veterinary First Aid, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder & fodder seed sales, conducting training on Animal Husbandry & Dairying, etc. ? Selling liquid milk for local consumers of the village ? Supplying milk to the District Milk Union Thus, the VDCS in an independent entity managed locally by the milk producers and assisted by the District Milk Union. District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union (Milk Union) The Village Societies of a District (ranging from 75 to 1653 per Milk Union in Gujarat) having surplus milk after local sales come together and form a District Milk Union. The Milk Union is the second tier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of Village Dairy Societies of the District and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 9 to 18 elected representatives of the Village Societies. The Milk Union further appoints a professional Managing Director (paid employee and member secretary of the Board) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Managing Director in accomplishing his / her daily duties. The main functions of the Milk Union are as follows: ? Procurement of milk from the Village Dairy Societies of the District. ? Arranging transportation of raw milk from the VDCS to the Milk Union. ? Providing input services to the producers like Veterinary Care, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder & fodder seed sales, etc. Conducting training on Cooperative Development, Animal Husbandry & Dairying for milk producers and conducting specialised skill development & Leadership Development training for VDCS staff & Management Committee members. ? Providing management support to the VDCS along with regular supervision of its activities. ? Establish Chilling Centres & Dairy Plants f or processing the milk received from the villages. ? Selling liquid milk & milk products within the District. ? Process milk into various milk & milk products as per the requirement of State Marketing Federation. ? Decide on he prices of milk to be paid to milk producers as well on the prices of support services provided to members. State Cooperative Milk Federation (Federation) The Milk Unions of a State are federated into a State Cooperative Milk Federation. The Federation is the apex tier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of all the cooperative Milk Unions of the State and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of one elected representative of each Milk Union. The State Federation further appoints a Managing Director (paid employee and member secretary of the Board) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Managing Director in accomplishing his daily duties. The main functions of the Federation are as follows: 1. Marketing of milk & milk products processed / manufactured by Milk Unions. 2. Establish distribution network for marketing of milk & milk products. 3. Arranging transportation of milk & milk products from the Milk Unions to the market. 4. Creating & maintaining a brand for marketing of milk & milk products (brand building). 5. Providing support services to the Milk Unions & members like Technical Inputs, management support & advisory services. . Pooling surplus milk from the Milk Unions and supplying it to deficit Milk Unions. 7. Establish feeder-balancing Dairy Plants for processing the surplus milk of the Milk Unions. mmon purchase of raw materials used in manufacture / packaging of milk products. The dairy industry in India and particularly in the State of Gujarat looks very different. India for one has emerged as the largest milk producing country in the World. Gujarat has emerged as the most successful State in terms of milk and milk product production through its cooperative dairy movement. The Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited, Anand has become the focal point of dairy development in the entire region and AMUL has emerged as one of the most recognized brands in India, ahead of many international brands. Today, we have around 176 cooperative dairy Unions formed by 1,25,000 dairy cooperative societies having a total membership of around 13 million farmers on the same pattern, who are processing and marketing milk and milk products profitably, be it Amul in Gujarat or Verka in Punjab, Vijaya in Andhra Pradesh or a Nandini in Karnataka. This entire process has created more than 190 dairy processing plants spread all over India with large investments by these farmers’ institutions. These cooperatives today collect approximately 23 million kgs. of milk per day and pay an aggregate amount of more than Rs. 125 billion to the milk producers in a year. 2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 1. To ascertain the effectiveness of advertisements towards the sales of Amul chocolate. 2. To know the range of products, offered by the company. 3. To know the relationship of sales with the advertisement. 4. To know awareness of people towards Amul chocolates. 5. To know which advertisement tool is mostly preferred by people. 6. To know the preference of Amul chocolates with comparison to other competitive brands. 7. To know the factors which affects consumer’s buying behaviour to purchase chocolates. 8. To know the market position of AMUL as a brand. Plants First plant is at ANAND, which is engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk powder, flavoured milk and buttermilk. [pic] Second plant is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, Nutramul, Amul Ganthia and Amul lite. [pic] Third plant is at Kanjari, which produces cattelfeed. pic] Fourth plant is at Khatraj, which engaged in producing cheese. [pic] Today, twelve dairies are producing different products under the brand name Amul. Today Amul dairy is no. 1 dairy in Asia and no. 2 in the world, which is matter of proud for Gujarat and whole India. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY There are two sources used for methodology: 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary sources Primar y sources:  A primary source is the most direct place you can find the information you want to write about. For example, Census. gov would be an article detailing the number would not be considered primary. Some other examples of primary sources are peer reviewed research publications, journals, diaries, legal documents, government records, original maps, photographs, original manuscripts, institutional records, or national archives. Secondary sources:  secondary source of information is one that was created  later  by someone . Examples of secondary sources include literary criticism, biographies, encyclopaedia articles, and journal articles critiquing the work of others. There are of two types: 1. Internal sources: publish broachers, official reports etc. 2. External sources: periodicals, journals, newspapers, internet. RESEARCH PROBLEM  ¬ Increase the awareness level of AMUL CHOCOLATE.  ¬ Seek the general perception of consumer towards AMUL CHOCOLATE.  ¬ To find the performance of AMUL CHOCOLATE vis-a-vis other brands.  ¬ To know the consumer psyche and their behaviour towards AMUL CHOCOLATE. Information requirement  · First, I had to know about all the competitors present in the chocolate segment (Reputed and well established brands as well as Local brands).  · Before going for the survey I had to know the comparative prices of all the competitors existing in the market. Since chocolate is a product that attracts children and youngsters hence I had to trace the market and segment it, which mainly deals with people of various age groups.  · As chocolate is different product, the main information needed is the various types of chocolates available in the market, their calorific value and various other facts.  · As Amul ch ocolate advertisements are mainly done through hoardings but on television the advertisement is being telecasted timely and on the proper time or not. AMUL CHOCOLATE is made from Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Milk Solids, Chocolate mass. Composition:  · Milk Fat 2%  · Sugar 55%  · Total Fat 32. 33% (Milk Fat + Cocoa Fat)  · Cocoa Solids 7. 5%  · Milk Solids 20% RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED – DETAILS If one wants to know what type of dentifrice people use, what they think of, television commercials, or why they buy particular brands of cars, the natural procedure is to ask them. Thus, the questionnaire method has come to be the more widely used of the two data collection method. A questionnaire consists of list of questions to be asked from the respondents and the space provided to record the answer / responses. Questionnaire can be used for the personal interviews, focus groups, mails and telephonic interviews. The choice among these alternatives is largely determined by the type of information to be obtained and by the type of respondents from whom it is to be obtained. The common factor in all varieties of the questionnaire method is this reliance on verbal responses to question, written or oral. Questionnaire in the project consists of: ? Multiple choice questions ? Dicthomus MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: Questions of this type offer the respondents an alternative to choose the right answer among others. It is faster, time saving and less biased. It also simplifies the tabulating process. OPEN END QUESTIONS: In this type respondents are free to answer in their own words and express the ideas they think are relevant, such questions are good as first questions or opening questions. They introduce the subject and obtain general reaction. DICTHOMUS: These are the questions which are Boolean in nature. These answers are straightforward and respondents have to answer them in a straight way. That means the answer can only be either ‘Yes† or ‘No’. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED & SAMPLE SIZE 1. Sampling Technique: Non probability sampling 2. Sample Unit: People who buy chocolates available in retail outlets, superstores, etc 3. Sample size: 100 respondents (Age ranging between 15 yrs to 65 yrs) 4. Method: Direct interview through questionnaire. 5. Data analysis method: Graphical method. 6. Area of survey: Delhi 7. Timing of survey: 9. 00 am to 12. 30 pm and 5. 00 pm to8. 00 pm. The software used for compiling of records and analysing the data is: Microsoft Excel and microsoft Word. 5. MARKET ANALYSIS PRIMARY TABULATION & INTERPRETATION [1] What kind of Chocolate do you eat? Branded 92 % Non-branded 08% [pic] INFERENCE 92% respondents in the region of Delhi consume Branded Chocolates, while 8% still consume non branded. [2] Who uses chocolates in your family? Children 34 % Teenager 33 % Young 26 % Old 07 % [pic] INFERENCE Mostly children & teenagers like chocolates in families. So we should lay stress on children & teenager segment to increase market share. Young people also use chocolates for giving as a gift. [3] What form of Chocolate do you like? Cookies 14% Bar 60% Wafer 20% Other 06% [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram suggests that the most preferred form is bar i. . 60%, followed by wafer i. e. 20%, Cookies are all time favourites with 14% while other forms are preferred to the extent of 6%. [4] Do you buy chocolates watching advertisements? YES 88% NO 12% [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram shows that 88% of the people are influenced by advertisements for purchase of chocolates, whereas 12% are not. [5] Which Television channel you like to watch mos t? STAR 50 ZEE 15 SONY 10 CARTOON 20 Others 5 [pic] INFERENCE Mostly people like STAR channel. This channel is very popular among all the age group people. SONY & CARTOON channels are also popular but not as STAR. In other channels sports and news channels are preferred. CARTOON channel is specially preferred by children. So it will be more beneficial to give advertisements on STAR & CARTOON channels, it covers all the age groups. [6] In between what time you like to watch television? Timings _____________ 5 to 8 pm 33 % 8 to 11 pm 37 % Late Night 10 % Morning 15 % Afternoon 05 % [pic] INFERENCE From the survey it was found that 37% of the respondents like to watch T. V. after 8 pm to 11 pm. Because Mostly people belong to service class & females in the families got their work by this time. At 5 to 8 pm 33% respondents in which especially children watch cartoon channel & etc. so it is good to advertise on preferred channels on these timings. [7] By which media you prefer to watch advertisements? Television 67 % Hoardings 17 % Newspapers 08 % Magazines 05 % Others (Mention) 03% [pic] INFERENCE Mostly people like to watch an advertisement through Television because most of them belong to service class. Children are getting attracted through advertisement on television and hoardings. Company tries to give attractive advertisement through T. V. and hoardings because advertisement through hoardings is less costly. 8] What factors effects you in a chocolate advertisement? Brand ambassador 20 Jingles 35 Comedy15 Music 10 Emotions 15 Others (Mention) 05 [pic] INFERENCE Jingles leave a long lasting impression; people were able to recall a lot of jingles associated with chocolates. Also, the brand ambassador and the comedy in the advertisement can be effective to create an impres sion in people’s mind. [9] Have you ever tasted Amul Chocolate? Yes 90 % No 10 % [pic] INFERENCE The chart shows that 90% respondents have tasted Amul Chocolate, while still 10% have not tried Amul Chocolates. Amul must use proper techniques in order to cater the needs of every common man. [10] Can you recall AMUL Chocolate advertisement? Yes 32 % No 68% [pic] INFERENCE Here it was observed that only 32% respondents in the city of Delhi were able to recall Amul Chocolate advertisement. This shows how much Amul lags behind in promotional activities and advertisement. Therefore Amul must use strong promotional activities and advertisement in order to retain their potential Consumers. [11] Which Chocolate do you like most? Nestle 28% Cadbury 58% Amul 13% Any other 01% [pic] INFERENCE We can clearly gauge from the pie chart that Cadbury being on the top slot with 58% market share dominates the chocolate market, followed by Nestle with 28% share, whereas Amul have only 13% market share and thus lags behind. [12] What is the frequency of purchasing Chocolate? Daily 17 % Weekly 22 % Fortnightly 13 % Occasionally 48 % [pic] INFERENCE The frequency of chocolate differ a lot where 17% respondents buy it daily, 22% weekly, 13% fortnightly, and there is a huge chunk of people who buy chocolate occasionally. [13] How do you scale your chocolate? [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram can be inferred as follows: CADBURY: people are highly satisfied with the taste of the Cadbury chocolate and its availability is also very good as compared to any other brand. However the price of Cadbury is not very satisfactory. NESTLE: the Nestle chocolates are not easily available however people seem to be quite satisfied with its taste. AMUL: people seem to be satisfied with the prices but, the chocolates lacks in easy availability and taste. OTHERS: these comprise of the non branded chocolates or smaller brands, people are satisfied with its price but not with the taste and availability. MY FINDINGS: ? Lack of awareness in consumers, many people does not know about Amul chocolates including children and teenagers. ? During the survey it was found that still there are 10% people who have not tasted Amul Chocolate. ? When I interviewed people then many among them could not recall Amul chocolate advertisement. It shows Lack of promotion or advertisement is not timely given or advertisement is not given on right time. ? Amul is not using any brand ambassador in its advertisement which attracts people of all age group, specifically teenagers. There is lack of sales promotional activities , for example : free tattoo, Extra weight, toys, quiz contest etc.. ? As I found that the main product of Amul is Milk and company firstly wants to capture maximum market share in milk market which is approx. 66%, after that Amul is concentrating upon butter & cheese which has market share of approx. 88%, so it is not concentrating upon chocolates. ? Cadbury is main competitor and strateg ically better performer then Amul. ? I found that â€Å"Amul† brand name has very good image in consumer’s mind and they consider it as pure & good product. People who have tasted Amul Chocolate are not ready to purchase the same again. 6. LIMITATIONS 1. Non-cooperative approach and rude behaviour of the respondents. 2. When I interviewed children and teenagers, sometimes they use to give answers under the influence of their parents or elders. 3. People were not willing to answer and give their time to fill the questionnaire because of the summer season. 4. If the respondents answer does not falls between amongst the options given then it will turn up to be a biased answer. 5. The respondents had to be made understand the questions because the questionnaire was in English and not all respondents could understand it well. 7. CONCLUSION As we know that Amul is a very big organization and market leader in dairy products. It has maximum market share in Milk, Butter and Cheese, which are its main/core products. As we know Amul is a co-operative organisation but chocolate industry is a profitable industry which can’t be ignored. With the help of research, company can find out its week points in chocolate product and can increase its market share through rectify mistakes. People have believed in Amul’s product and they will accept its chocolates also if effective actions are taken. The survey resulted into following conclusions: ? Amul must come up with new promotional activities such that people become aware about Amul Chocolates like Chocozoo, Bindaaz, and Fundoo. ? Quality is the dominating aspect which influences consumer to purchase Amul product, but prompt availability of other chocolate brands and aggressive promotional activities by others influences the consumer towards them and also leads to increase sales. In comparison to Amul Chocolate, the other players such as Cadbury, Nestle, and Perfetti provide a better availability and give competition to the hilt. ? People are mostly satisfied with the overall quality of Amul Chocolate, but for the existence in the local market Amul must use aggressive selling techniques. 8. SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT In order to maintain and increase the sales in the city of Delhi, the following recommendations r egarding Amul Chocolates; particularly regarding advertisement, distribution, promotional policies, etc, are hereby suggested: ? First and foremost Amul should take proper action in order to improve its service, because although being on a top slot in butter and milk supplies it does not get the sales in chocolate, which it should get. ? Company should use brand ambassador which attracts each age segment i. e. Sania Mirza, Shaktimaan, Amitabh Bacchan, Superman, Krrish, Jadoo etc. ? Try and change the perception of the people through word of mouth about Amul in advertisements, because they are the best source to reach Children and families. ? Though Amul chocolate advertisements are rarely shown on television yet many people could recall it as per the data of research. It shows that there is only need to give advertisement only to rememorize customers. Because Amul is a very strong brand name. ? Company should launch chocolate in new attractive packing to change image of Amul chocolate in consumers mind. ? Company should introduce sales promotion schemes like free weight, pranky, tattoo, contest, free gifts etc. ? Advertisement can be done with the help of animations that attracts children and teenagers because chocolates are consumed largely in this segment. ? Company should launch chocolates in new flavours like – Mix Fruit Pineapple Elaichi Coffee Strawberry Banana

Enterprise and Innovation Free Essay Example, 3000 words

In other words, they are concerned with economic development of the country. Thus, in order to improve business practices, entrepreneurs can be exploited to bring in new and innovative ideas to increase profitability margins for the company (Kuratko 2013). A company can increase its share value by either focusing on profitability by monetary gain and also by focusing on non-monetary worth i. e. building and sustaining Goodwill to enhance its business activities (Trehan and Treha 2009 p. 196). Focus on building and sustaining Goodwill In order to increase market share, entrepreneurs shall be encouraged to focus on building the Goodwill for the company. This can be carried out by focusing on training entrepreneurs in customer service and sales department. In this regard, it is vital to state the goodwill can only be established if the company provides excellent goods and services to its customers, where the staff is polite and courteous, and there is quick, convenient delivery of their products. These traits shall help the organization become a recognized brand name, and its goodwill shall increase (Tremblay and Tremblay 2012, p. 394). Entrepreneurs need to be devoted to the company, to stay active, polite in order to build goodwill. We will write a custom essay sample on Enterprise and Innovation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Focus on sales and profitability In order to gain sales and increase profitability, the company needs to focus on developing a productive workforce that works with innovation in marketing and sales department to promote the products of the company. In this regard, the entrepreneurs need to be encouraged by the management to work with devotion (Birn, 2004 p. 185). The following steps can be taken by the management to encourage entrepreneurship to enhance profitability, increase sales and gain market share. Ways to encourage Entrepreneurship Focusing on Organizational culture Entrepreneurship can be encouraged if they are given an effective working environment where they are inspired to work with devotion and commitment. A good corporate culture would not just make the environment relaxing but encourage creativity, and cultivate the mind towards developmental opportunities which are very essential for personal and professional growth (Davila et al. 2007). Employee Engagement In order to encourage entrepreneurs, the company shall install effective engagement processes where key employees would be required to communicate and give their opinions about various decisions taking place in the organization. This engagement process shall help young entrepreneurs explore themselves and communicate ideas for learning opportunities.